Plain English

The AI Glossary, without the jargon

The AI terms that actually matter — explained simply, in plain English. No CS degree required.

Basics

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Software that can learn patterns and make decisions or create content, instead of just following fixed rules.

Generative AI

AI that creates new things — text, images, code, audio — rather than just analysing existing data.

LLM (Large Language Model)

The kind of AI behind tools like Claude and ChatGPT — trained on huge amounts of text to understand and generate language.

Model

The trained 'brain' an AI tool runs on. Different models are better at different tasks.

Chatbot

An AI you talk to in plain language to get answers or help.

Using AI

Prompt

The instruction you give an AI to tell it what you want.

Prompt Engineering

The skill of writing clear prompts that get reliable, useful results. No coding needed.

System Prompt

A behind-the-scenes instruction that sets how the AI should behave throughout a conversation.

Few-shot Examples

Showing the AI a few examples of what you want so it follows the same pattern.

Chain-of-thought

Asking the AI to reason step by step, which usually gives more accurate answers.

Context Window

How much text an AI can 'keep in mind' at once — the conversation and documents it can consider.

Token

The small chunks of text an AI reads and writes. They affect cost and length limits.

Hallucination

When an AI confidently says something that is wrong. Always verify important facts.

Building

Vibe Coding

Building software by describing what you want in plain language and letting AI write the code.

No-code

Building apps and tools without writing code yourself.

Automation

Letting AI or software do repetitive tasks for you automatically.

AI Agent

An AI that can take a goal and carry out multiple steps on its own to achieve it.

API

A way for one piece of software to talk to another — how apps connect to AI models.

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

Giving an AI your own documents to answer from, so it uses your data, not just what it was trained on.

Deploy

Putting your project online so other people can actually use it.

Under the hood

Machine Learning

Teaching computers to learn from examples instead of being given exact rules.

Neural Network

A type of model loosely inspired by the brain, used to recognise complex patterns.

Training Data

The examples an AI learns from. Its quality shapes how good the AI is.

Fine-tuning

Adapting an existing model to a specific task with extra examples.

Inference

The moment an AI actually produces an answer from your input.

Multimodal

AI that can work with more than one type of input — text, images, audio, and more.

Open-source Model

A model anyone can download, use, and modify freely.

Safety & Ethics

Bias

When an AI's answers unfairly favour or disadvantage certain groups, often from its training data.

Deepfake

AI-generated fake images, video, or audio made to look real. A reason to verify what you see online.

Responsible AI

Using AI honestly and safely — checking facts, respecting privacy, and not misusing it.

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